Physicist / Astronomer Stamps

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  • Papin Denis

Born: 22 Aug 1647 in Blois, France
Died: 1712 in London, England

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Papin is best known for his work as an inventor, particularly his work on the steam engine. In 1679 he invented the pressure cooker and, in 1690 he published his first work on the steam engine in De novis quibusdam machinis.

Biography


  • Pascal Blaise (1623-1662)


Biography



    1989 Nobel Physics prize for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks


Born: 25 April 1900 in Vienna, Austria
Died: 15 Dec 1958 in Zurich, Switzerland




    1945 Nobel Physics prize for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle.

    Pauli empirically made the connection between closed electron shells in an atom with the complex spectra observed in a strong magnetic field (the Zeeman effect of splitting of spectral lines). Already, three quantum numbers had been assigned to the electron in the Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom, and to these Pauli added a fourth. Moreover, he generalized that there can never be two or more equivalent electrons with the same four quantum numbers in an atom, known as the Pauli exclusion principle. While we now associate the fourth quantum number with the spin of the electron, this was not known in 1925 when Pauli published his conclusions. Since there are only so many permutations the sets of quantum numbers for a given Bohr orbit may have and still remain unique, the buildup of the periodic table of elements naturally follows. In 1928, Pauli was named professor of theoretical physics at the Zurich Technical University, where, in 1931, he predicted that conservation laws demanded the existence of a particle later found, the neutrino. After being at Princeton University during World War II, Pauli became a U.S. citizen, but he spent his last years in Zurich.

    Biography




    1978 Nobel Physics prize for the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.

    American physicist - Born April 26, 1933 in Munich, Germany, Stamp Antigua and Barbuda ANT1995K08.18

  • Perl Martin L. (1927-) USA



    1928 Nobel Physics prize for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics for the discovery of the tau lepton


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    1926 Nobel Physics prize for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium



  • Petzval J M (1807-1891)




Czech physicist. Stamp Czechoslovakia 2664




  • Phillips William D. (1948-) USA



    1997 Nobel Physics prize for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light



    Biography
    1918 Nobel Physics prize in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta



  • Plateau Joseph Antoine Ferdinand


Born: 14 Oct 1801 in Brussels, Belgium
Died: 15 Sept 1883 in Ghent, Belgium



    Plateau was a physicist who is best remembered in mathematics for Plateau Problems. He used a solution of soapy water and glycerine and dipped wire contours into it, noting that the surfaces formed were minimal surfaces. Plateau developed the 'Magic Disk' or Phenakistiscope in 1836. An early stroboscopic device, the 'Phenakistiscope' used a disk with radial slits that he turned while viewing a rotating wheel; when the rotational speed of the disk and the wheel matched exactly, the wheel appeared motionless. He was blind for the last 40 years of his life after he experimented by staring at the Sun for 25 seconds.




Biography



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    1950 Nobel Physics prize for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method


  • Procopiu Stefan (1890-1972) Romania



Stefan Procopiu was born in Bârlad, on 19 January 1890. Procopiu dedicated himself to science and research from the time he was still a student. The first remarkable results of his research were published in 1913, in Bulletin scientifique de l’Académie roumaine de sciences, within the famous paper Determining the Molecular Magnetic Moment by M. Planck’s Quantum Theory. After studying Planck’s quantum theory and Langevin’s magnetism theory, Procopiu was the first to establish in the whole world the value of the molecular magnetic moment also named the theoretic magneton, M. It is recognized that Stefan Procopiu calculated the value of the theoretic magneton two years before prof. A. Bohr of Denmark. In the Romanian specialized literature, this discovery is known as the Bohr-Procopiu magneton. Procopiu published 1913 the paper Experimental Research on Wireless Telegraphy, while in 1916 he invented a device for locating and establishing the depth of bullets in the bodies of the wounded. From1919 in Paris, he attended the courses of famous scientists of the epoch, such as Gabriel Lippman, Marie Curie, Paul Langevin, Aymé Cotton. In 1921, Procopiu discovered and analyzed in the Physics Laboratory of Sorbonne University a new optical phenomenon which consisted in the longitudinal depolarization of light by suspensions and colloids. In 1930, the above phenomenon was designated as Procopiu Phenomenon by prof. A. Boutaric. On 5 March 1924, Procopiu obtained the title of doctor in physics with the work On The Electric Brefringence of Suspensions, sustained in frnt of a commission including coordinator prof. Aymé Cotton, and cross-examiners Charles Fabry and H. Mouton. Another important discovery, resulting from prof. Procopiu’s research, is the electromotive force of galvanic elements. In the field of ferromagnetism, he undertook numerous studies whose results were published in many specialized magazines in Romania and abroad. Thus, in 1930, studying the Barkhausen effect, which consists in transferring alternative current through wires of ferromagnetic material, he discovered a circular effect of magnetic discontinuity. In 1951, this effect was named Procopiu Effect. A significant technical application of this effect was achieved by the American physicist Roman Storski in creating calculation devices. Back in Romania in 1925, with an unquestionable scientific renown in the field of physics, on 15 January Procopiu was appointed a professor in ordinary of the Gravitation, Heat and Electricity Department of “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, department which he coordinated until 1962, the year of his retirement.



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    1964 Nobel Physics prize for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle



Born: about 85 in Egypt

Died: about 165 in Alexandria, Egypt





Ptolemy




    1952 Nobel Physics prize for development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith


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Biographies of Physicists and Astronomers