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Daguerre Louis Jacques Mande (1787-1851) France
French physicist, author, painter, inventor. Born November 18, 1787 in Cormeilles en Paris, France, he invented the daguerrotype photograph, 1839. He died July 12, 1851 in Paris, France. - France 374 Grenada-Grenadines 8748
2002 Nobel Physics for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos
(in Dutch: Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije) b. March 24, 1884, Maastricht, The Netherlands d. November 2, 1966, Ithaka, NY, U.S.A.
Known as the "Master of the Molecule" because of his pioneering work in molecular structure, Peter J.W. Debye was born in Maastricht, Holland, March 24, 1884, son of Wilhelmus and Maria Reumkens Dibje. Debye was an Dutch-American physicist greatly contributed to the theory of electrolyte solutions. He also studied dipole moments of molecules, advanced knowledge of the arrangement of atoms in molecules and of the distances between the atoms. In 1916 he showed that solid substances could be used in powdered form for X-ray study of their crystal structures, thus eliminating the difficult step of first preparing good crystals. In 1935 Debye became professor of physics at University of Berlin and director of the Kaiser Wilhelm (now Max Planck) Institute for Physics in Berlin-Dahlem. Debye won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1936, "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases". In 1938 the Nazi government began to insist that Debye give up his Dutch citizenship and become a German citizen to continue as director of the Institute of Physics. He refused and left Germany for Italy, shortly afterwards finally taking up residence in the United States. He came to the U.S.A. two months before the German invasion of his native country (1940), and went to Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A., where he had been invited to deliver the Baker Lectures at Cornell UniversityIn April 1966 he suffered a heart attack, and in November of that year a second, which proved fatal. Debye died on November 2, 1966, and was buried on Pleasant Grove Cemetery, Cayuga Heights, Tompkins County, New York, U.S.A.
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