|
|
G
From his youth, he had been interested in the problem of the electron microscope. In 1947, he linked two apparently far-removed fields; namely, the study of electron rays aimed at improving the electron microscope and the study of information theory. He recognized that for perfect mapping, all the information present in the waves reflected from the object should be used – not only the intensity of waves, as do the traditional devices, but also the phase and amplitude of the wave. If it is implemented, a complete (in Greek “holo”) and stereoscopic (graph) picture can be obtained from the object. Dennis Gabor implemented this by means of his creative work and published his invention in 1948. For the wide spread propagation of holography, the development of a coherent light source was necessary. This turn occurred in 1962 with the invention of the laser. Then, with the combination of laser technology and holography, it was made possible for laser holograms to be produced. Dennis Gabor also participated in this activity in a creative manner and, by means of his research work, he contributed to the opening of new perspectives in the field of text storage, recognition of letters and patterns, as well as in associated information storage. At the exhibition arranged on the occasion of the award of the Nobel Prize, Dennis Gabor was able to present a three-dimensional self-portrait using laser technology. From the beginning, his interest also covered the theory of hearing and the problems of acoustic holography, which finally led him to the field of medicine. In parallel with this, the interest and activity of the scientist with basic qualifications in physics and engineering were increasingly focused on the problems of the industrial civilization and the future of all mankind. This is indicated by a number of works like Invention of the future (1963), Scientific, technological and social innovations (1970), The mature society (1972) or the Following the age of wasting (1976) written as a report to the Roman Club. Shortly after he received the Nobel Prize, he presented himself in a television interview in 1972 consciously as a man who combines the real and human culture in his life work : “I have lived a dual life for years – for 15 years: I am a physicist and an inventor. This is the one life of mine; while the other one is: I am a social writer. I have realized for a long time that our culture is in great danger.” The consumption of irrecoverable natural raw material resources and environmental pollution undermine our vital conditions. If it continues, “in about a hundred years, we will consume and exhaust the wealth of nature and the Earth will become very poor”. Therefore, an enormous responsibility falls on science of every kind. “A new science and a new technology need to be created that draw from nature only as much as can be restored, returned or that can be replaced.” “Invent the future” – he encouraged us. In fact, the future needs to be invented in respect of both engineering and society. While analyzing the inventions that can be expected in the future, he came to the conclusion that the inventions that are probable are not those that are needed. “There will be even larger computers, even faster communication etc. But, where is social stability?” Dennis Gabor who recognized the problems of the near future and advised of the danger in time was not pessimistic. His world concept and vision came from the knowledge of reality. He made us aware of these global problems in order to motivate us to solve them. “I believe that the problems can be solved; although I admit that my hope relies on my optimism rather than on well supported data. It is, however, optimism that I always considered to be the sole work hypothesis of responsible people.”
Galileo, bought some Dutch telescopes, claimed that he had invented them, and tried to sell them to the government. That didn't work out, so, in 1609, he started observing the stars and planets with one of his telescopes and was simply bowled over by what he saw. He saw, among other things, that the Earth and the other planets all seemed to revolve about the sun. One thing that Galileo did accomplish was to popularize the use of the telescope for observation of the stars. The modern science of Astronomy grew out of that simple application
Born: 30 April 1777 in Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick (now Germany)
23. February 1855- Carl Friedrich Gauss dies at age 77 in Gottingen, Germany, of dropsy, an enlarged heart, and the effects of a carriage accident he suffered during the single day he ventured out of Gottingen in the last 20 years of his life. He was a child prodigy, achieving most of his fundamental breakthroughs by age 17.
On November 20, 1602, Otto Guericke was born as son of a patrician wealthy family resident for three centuries in Magdeburg. The mother, née Anna von Zweidorff, came from a similar family. Guericke family inherited extensive property both in the city and in the countryside around it. Guericke was a German natural philosopher and writer who also became the mayor of Magdeburg. Inspired by the work of Torricelli and Galileo, he tried to create a vacuum and invented the air pump. He devised the astonishing spectacle of two copper bowls (Magdeburg Hemispheres), which brought him fame in his own time. Here two large metal hemispheres were joined together with a gasket and evacuated; two teams of horses pulling in opposite directions were unable to separate them. Once air was readmitted, they fell apart. In 1654 a famous series of experiments were performed before Emperor Ferdinand III at Regensburg. Guericke placed the Magdeburg hemispheres forming a hollow sphere about 35.5 cm (14 inches) in diameter. After he had removed the air from the sphere, two teams of eight horses were unable to pull the bowls apart, even though they were held together only by the air around them. Thus the tremendous force that air pressure exerts was first demonstrated. He demonstrated his experiments in 1657 at the emperor's court in Vienna. In 1661 he also travelled to Berlin to demonstrate the experiment with the Magdeburg hemispheres to the German Elector Friedrich Wilhelm. A scaled-down version of the demonstration became standard in courses of natural philosophy. On May 11, 1686, the diplomat and scientist died at the age of 83.
|
|
|||||
|
|