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1944 Nobel Physics prize for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei
1975 Nobel Physics prize for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection
1930 Nobel Physics prize for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him. Born November 7, 1888 in Madras. He died November 21, 1970 in Bangalore, India. - India 548
1989 Nobel Physics prize for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks
1928 Nobel Physics prize for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics for the detection of the neutrino
1928 Nobel Physics prize for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him
Born August 27, 1850, Bologna, Italy
Died June 8, 1920, Bologna, Italy
Augusto Righi (1850-1921), pioneering Italian physicist, the first person to generate microwaves. He opened a whole new area of the electromagnetic spectrum to research and subsequent application. In 1903 he wrote the first paper on wireless telegraphy. His improvements on the work of Hertz were passed along to Guglielmo Marconi, who studied in Righi’s laboratory at the University of Bologna.
1976 Nobel Physics prize for pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind
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Robertson E. G. (1763-1837)
Belgian inventor, author, physicist, educator - Liechtenstein
Denmark 1944, Michel 285, Scott 293 (300 years since the birthday of Roemer)
Danish astronomer, educator, mathematician, architect. The son of a ship owner, he was born on September 25, 1644 at Aarhus. Roemer received his first education at the Cathedral School in his native town before entering the University of Copenhagen in 1662. There he had the good fortune to study under the Bartholin brothers, Thomas and Erasmus. In fact, Ole lifted in Erasmus Bartholin's house, where he studied astronomy and mathematics. Jean Picard, in 1671, was sent by the Academie des Sciences to verify co-ordinates of Tycho Brahe's observatory, the Uraniborg, on the island of Hven. When Picard returned to France, Romer followed, becoming an assistant to G.D. Cassini. His greatest work came in his studies of the Jovian satellites of Jupiter, particularly those of the first satellite, Io. Through his experiments he determined that light was not propagated instantaneously, but with a finite velocity; this being the first proof of the finite velocity of light. Roemer returned to Copenhagen in 1681 to become professor of mathematics at the University of Copenhagen. He was then appointed by King Christian V to be royal astronomer and director of the observatory. But he was given a number of unrelated duties: at one time or another he was the master of the mint, harbor surveyor, inspector of naval architecture, ballistics expert, and head of a commission to inspect highways. Roemer founded the Copenhagen observatory, one of the oldest in Europe, to be unsatisfactory, and for a time he used his home as an auxiliary observatory, until in 1704 he created another observatory, the Tusculaneum. His genius can be seen in his numerous inventions, including a micrometer for astronomical use, the use of epicycloidal teeth in gear wheels, and an alcohol thermometer (1708) based upon two fixed points: the boiling points of water and the melting points of snow based upon the work of Fahrenheit and Celsius. Unfortunately few of his observations survived the great fire of Copenhagen in 1728. He died in Copenhagen on September 19, 1710.- Denmark 293
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Romagnosi Giandomenico (1761-1835)
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Italian lawyer, philosopher, educator, physicist, author, mason - Italy 847
1901 Nobel Physics prize in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him. He was born at Lennap, Germany, on March 27, 1845, receiving his school education at Apeldoorn, Netherlands. He studied physics at the polytechnical school of Zurich, having earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree. Roentgen was appointed Lecturer at the University of Strassburg. From 1879 he worked at the University of Giessen. From 1888 he was professor of physics at the University of Wurzburg and, from 1900, at the University of Munich. In 1895 he discovered the strange rays that he called X-rays that were able to penetrate almost all materials and blacken a photographic plate. Because of its mysterious nature, he called his discovery "X radiation" or "X rays." He managed to make a photographic print showing his wife's hand, its bones and rings. He was awarded the 1896 Rumford medal. He died February 10, 1923 in Munich, Germany. 10. 1923- Wilhelm Roentgen, winner of the first Nobel Prize for Physics, dies at 77.
1984 Nobel Physics prize for decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction
1986 Nobel Physics prize for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope
For Information about Ernest Lord Rutherford see: http://www.rutherford.org.nz
1974 Nobel Physics prize for pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars