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This Mythical Chronology of Greece depicts the traditional chronology established for the events of ancient Greek mythology by ancient chronographers and mythographers. This list largely reflects the work of Saint Jerome, whose work in turn was based primarily on the analysis of Apollodorus, Diodorus Siculus, and Eusebius. [1] In a few cases, the chronology also reflects the opinions of more recent scholars, who have cross referenced the mythology to archeological discoveries. These interpolations are noted with italics. Although the Greeks did believe that much of their mythology was grounded in fact, this list is not intended to imply the literal existence of real-world parallels to all the characters listed below. The dates below are approximate. Timeline The ages referenced in this section are the five Ages of Man of Hesiod. Before Hesiod's ages: The Birth of the World (1800BC-1710BC) 1788 1770 Gaia gives birth to Uranus 1750 Uranus rapes Gaia. The Hecatonchires, Cyclopes and the Titans are born. (Shaft tombs at Mycenae constructed between 1740 and 1450 BC) [2] 1710 The Titans fight Uranus and eventually he is defeated by Cronus (Saturn). Cronus cuts off Uranus' genitals with a sickle and throws them towards Cythera. Aphrodite emerges naked from the sea and travels to Cyprus. Hesiod's first age: The Golden Age of Mankind (1710BC-1674BC) 1705-1675 Cronos becomes ruler of Greece. Imprisons the Hecatonchires and Cyclopes in Tartarus, then organises the Titans giving each a dominion. (Palace at Knossos destroyed c.1700 BC then rebuilt) [3] 1703 BC Cronus is warned not to take Rhea as his wife or have children with her, otherwise one of his children will dethrone him. He ignores this and Rhea gives birth to Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus. Cronus swallows his children in order to avoid the prophesy but astone is substituted by Rhea in place of Zeus who is taken by his mother into hiding in Crete. 1703-1684 Zeus grows up in the Dictyan caves near Lato. When fully gown he makes Cronus drunk, causing him to vomit out his brothers and sisters. 1684 Titanomachy Zeus and his brothers fight Cronus. Some Titans side with Zeus, e.g. Prometheus and Epimetheus. Atlas is commander of the Titans loyal to Cronus. The War lasts 10 years. The Gods release the Hekatonchires and the Cyclopes from imprisonment in Tartarus, and they become their allies. 1684 or 1674 Zeus takes his sister Hera as wife 1684-1674 Births of Hephaestus, Ares, Eris, Hebe. 1684 Inachus becomes king and judges that the land of the Peloponnese belongs to Hera 1674 Victory for Zeus. Cronus is exiled to Elysia or Sicily. Zeus rules the heavens, Poseidon the sea and Hades the underworld. The land is common to all of the Gods. Hesiod's second age: The Silver Age of Mankind (1674BC-1628BC) 1674-67 Births of Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Athena by different mothers. 1667 Prometheus is chained to the rocks after stealing the secret of fire from the Gods and giving it to man 1667 Zeus has affair with Io the daughter of Inachus and carries her off to Egypt where she marries Telegonus. 1664 Herakles the Dactyl holds the first Olympic Games 1659 Phoroneus son of Inachus, the first man, rules over the entire Peloponnese from Phronocium later to become Argos 1654 Epimetheus is given Pandora to be his wife. Pandora is given a jar as a wedding present and told not to open it. Pandora opens it and mankind suffers the consequences of disobedience. 1645 Epaphus the son of Io rules in Egypt. 1640 Gigantomachy The Battle of the Gods and Giants errupts and Porphyrion is defeated. 1628 Epaphus is murdered. The Titans attempt to regain power but fail. Atlas is punished by being made to carry the heavens on his shoulders. Typhon is defeated and imprisoned under a volcano. The Ogygian Deluge occurs. (14 royal tombs at Mycenae date between 1650-1550 BC. Thera volcano erupts in 1628 BC. Minoan palace at Knossos destroyed by earthquakes c.1600 BC.) Hesiod's third age: The First Brazen Age of Mankind (1628BC-1472BC) 1628 Zeus seduces Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus (first of Zeus affairs with mortal women) 1628 Car the son of Phoroneus founds the city of Megara 1628 Apis rules over the Peloponnese and Egypt (Linear A inscription with the name Saiapis found in Crete. Epaphus II/Apopis II rules in Egypt according to Manetho. In Hellenistic times Apis also known as Sarapis is worshiped as a Greek and Egyptian God) 1607 Argus the grandson of Phoroneus founds the city of Argos (Achaean invaders reach region of Mycenae c.1600 BC) 1572 Criasus the son of Argus becomes king of Argos. Peiras his brother, founds the first temple of Hera in Argolis. 1527 Lelex is the first king in Lacedaemonia. 1517 Pelasgus rules over Arcadia. 1510 Polycaon son of Lelex rules in Messenia and Myles rules in Sparta. 1488-1460 Lycaon provokes the Gods anger by murdering his son Nyctimus and serving him up to the Gods. 1488 Danaus flees from Aegyptus to Rhodes then takes Pelasgian Argos (c.1480 BC Tutmoses III campaigns in Asia-Minor. His inscriptions mention receiving tribute from the Danaioi) 1487 Lycaon king of Arkadia, introduces Zeus cult 1484 Cecrops king of Athens introduces Zeus cult 1472 Danaus becomes king of Argos in the Peloponnese after Gelanor steps down Hesiod's fourth age: The Heroic or Second Brazen Age (1460BC-1103BC) Before the Hellenic Wars 1460 A flood is sent by Zeus to destroy all of mankind after Lycaon outrages the Gods. Deucalion and his family escape in an Ark, which Prometheus tells him to build. 1440 Dardanus founds Troy after being given a share in the kingdom of Teucer king of Phrygia (Tudhaliya II is king of the Hittites from 1460-1440) 1438 Zeus violates Europe, birth of Minos (Mycenaean’s conquer Minoans in Crete c.1450 BC. Earthquake destroys city of Knossos c.1450 BC. Palace is rebuilt and used until c.1380 BC) 1437 Cadmus colonises Boeotia and founds Thebes. 1421 Minos I becomes king of Crete 1420 Dionysus the son of Zeus and Semele daughter of Cadmus is born (At Pylos Di-wo-ni-so-jo is found inscribed in Linear-B c.1250 BC) [4] 1420 Persephone the daughter of Demeter is abducted by Hades 1410 Olympic Games held 50 years after the flood 1404 Dionysus is entertained by Amphyction king of Athens 1400 Cinyras the son of Paphos the son of Pygmalion the son of Belus funds the city of Paphos in Cyprus (Cyprus is conquered by the Mycenaean’s and Minoan colony wiped out c.1400) 1399 Erichthonius now rules at Athens 1399 Erichthonius rules at Troy 1386 Dionysus known as Tauro Kranos restores Ammon as king of Egypt then conquers Damascus and all of India. (Amenhotep III reigns in Egypt from 1386-1349 and refers to Greek cities such including Amyclae in his records, Aryan invaders destroy Indus Valley civilisation c.1400, Tudhaliya III rules the Hittites 1400-1380 BC.) 1386 Dionysus drives Pentheus the king of Thebes to madness 1385 Cadmus leaves Thebes and goes to Illyria 1377 Tectemus the son of Dorus founds colony in Crete and fathers Asterius (Second Mycenaean wave of colonisation in Crete puts and end to Minoan palace civilisation c.1400 BC) 1374 Pandion becomes king of Athens 1370 Athamas rules over Boeotia 1365 Perseus son of Danae by Zeus is born 1363 Apollo fathers Asclepius by Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas 1360 Epopeus king of Sicyon at war with Thebes 1357 Pandions daughter Philomela marries Tereus king of Thrace to form alliance against Theban king Labdacus 1354 Erechtheus becomes king of Athens 1345 or 1321 Phrixus while a boy is taken to Colchis by a Golden Lamb 1344 Pegasus the winged horse born from Medusa's blood after she is slain by Perseus 1342-1320 The children of Perseus and Andromeda are born (Fortress of Mycenae built between 1400 and 1200) 1341 Perseus accidentally kills his grandfather Acrisius at funeral Games of King Teutamides father 1336 Aetolus conquers Aetolia after murdering Dorus the son of Phthia and his brothers 1333 Bellerophon goes to king Proetus court to be purified 1329 Cecrops the eldest son of Erechtheus is chosen by Xuthus to become king of Athens 1325 Amphion kills Lycus and becomes king of Thebes 1320 Melampus the seer cures the madness of the Argive women and receives one third of Proetus kingdom and his brother Bias another third. First temple built to Dionysus. 1315-1264 Pelops the son of Tantalus king of Phrygia and Lydia flees Asia Minor and rules in Pisa and Olympia (Mursilis II king of the Hittites dies in 1315 BC) 1314 Pelops sister Niobe marries Amphion king of Thebes 1314 Pelops holds Olympic Games 1314 The Argonauts Calais and Zetes are born to Oreithyia and Boreas 1314 Pelops marries Hippodamia 1310 Electryon becomes king of Mycenae 1309 Pandion becomes king of Athens and is expelled by the sons of Metion 1301 Oebalus becomes the second husband of Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus 1300 or 1290 Laius caries off Chrysippus the son of Pelops and Astyoche 1299 Minos II the grandson of Minos becomes king of Crete after Asterius dies (Most Linear B inscriptions found date from 1250-1175 BC and no earlier than c.1350-1300 BC) 1293 According to Herodotus (who is sceptical) Herakles kills Busaris the king of Egypt and his son after escaping from being taken prisoner to be sacrificed in order to put an end to a long famine (Horemeheb reigns in Egypt from 1321-1293 followed by Ramses I 1293-1291 during a period of pestilence.) 1290 Procris leaves her husband and is seduced by Minos in Crete 1286-1264 Sthenelus takes throne of Mycenae after Amphitryon kills Electryon son of Perseus February 10 1286 Herakles is conceived when Zeus extends one night into three (Total solar eclipse over Aegean) November 4 1286 Herakles is born nine months later and named Palaemon 1285 Herakles strangles 2 serpents sent by Hera 1285 Asclepius is born to Arsinoe, the daughter of Leucippus 1284 Aegeus regains Athens from the sons of Metion 1283 Bias of Priene killed by his nephew Pylas 1282 Aeacus helps Poseidon build the walls of Troy for Laodamaon now king of Troy 1274 Pelias imprisons Aeson and takes the throne after the birth of Jason 1271 Theseus is born 1270 Aegeus accidentally kills Minos son Androgeus at Games held in honour of Laius king of Thebes and is forced to pay a tribute of 7 Athenian boys and girls every 9 years 1270 All of Greece plagued by earthquakes and famine due to Pelops murder of Stymphalus or the Athenians murder of Androgeus and Aeacus is sent to pray for deliverance. 1269 Atreus and Thyestes march against Laius the king of Thebes 1269-1235 Oedipus kills Laius the king of Thebes and marries his own mother Iocasta 1268 Herakles lies with Thespius 50 daughters and kills the Lion of Cithaeron 1264 Herakles marries Megara after defeating the Minyans while Creon is king of Thebes in place of Laius 1258-1246 The Labours of Herakles take place while Eurystheus is king of Mycenae (Walls of Mycenae extended and Lion Gate built c.1250 BC. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls c.1250 BC) 1253 Herakles brings back Alcestis the wife of Admetus from death 1252 Theseus kills the Minotaur at the centre of the Labyrinth built by Daedelus (Place called Daidaleion mentioned in Linear-B inscriptions found at Knossos dating to c.1250 BC) [5] 1251 or 1246 1248 Herakles goes to Hades to bring back Cerberus 1247 The nine Muses who said to be the daughters of Peirus the Macedonian engage in a musical contest with Thamyris 1247 or 1216 The marriage of Peleus to his second wife Thetis 1246 or 1216 The birth of Achilles 1246 The 4 month long voyage of Jason and the Argonauts (Mycenaean artefacts found in southern Italy and Sicily c.1400-1200 BC. Jason's journey traditionally dated to this time. [6] 1246-1243 Herakles is sold as a slave to Omphale after killing Iphitus 1246 Eumolpus is victorious in the flute contest at Pelias funeral games 1245 Orpheus tries to rescue Euridice from Hades 1243 Herakles sacks Troy and puts a young Priam on the throne (Troy VII destroyed c.1250 BC) 1243-1238 Herakles settles old scores in the Peloponnese 1242 Herakles conquers Elis and establishes Olympic Games. Polydeuces is champion Boxer. 1241 Herakles places Nestor who is still a boy on the throne of Messenia after killing his brothers and father king Neleus of Pylos for helping the Elians (Pylos falls c.1250 BC). 1240 Herakles defeats the sons of Hippocoon and restores the throne of Sparta to Tyndareus 1239 Herakles leaves the Peloponnese and marries Deianira 1238 Hyllus is born 1236 Medea flees from Corinth after murdering Glauce the daughter of Creon 1235 Herakles exiled to Thrachis after killing one of Oeneus kinsmen 1234 Nessus carries of Deianira and is killed by Herakles with a poison arrow 1233 The births Clytemnestra & Helen to Tyndareus and Leda (Last of Zeus's affairs with mortals) 1232 Cheiron accidentally shot in the foot while entertaining Herakles and Achilles his student, forcing him to give up his immortality 1230 The birth of Paris. Laius becomes father of Odysseus. 1229 Herakles kills Cycnus the son of Ares 1227 Prophecy revealed from Oracle of Dodona that Herakles would die in 15 months after carrying off Iole August 12 1226 Herakles dies and becomes a god The Hellenic Wars 1225 The seven make war against Thebes 1224 Theseus captures Thebes and buries the bodies of the seven which were left unburied by Creon. 1223 Eurystheus defeated by Theseus and beheaded by Hyllus the son of Herakles March 5 1223 Atreus takes the throne of Mycenae (Total solar eclipse over Aegean) 1221 Theseus abducts Helen when she is 12 years old and he is 50 and spends [1]4 years in Tartarus after Helens brothers the Dioscuri capture Athens 1220 Castor, Polydeuces and Idas and Lynceus begin feuding 1218 After several bad harvests Atreus is slain by [1]7 year old Aeigisthus and Thyestes takes the throne of Mycenae (Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1200 BC) 1215 Agamemnon is restored as king Mycenae by Thyestes. 1215 The Epigoni attack Thebes (Theban palace destroyed c.1200 BC then reoccupied) 1213 Herakles mother Alcmene dies at the age of about 90 1213 The Beauty contest. Menelaus marries Helen. 1207 Theseus is freed from Tartatrus by Herakles (probably Hyllus) and returns to Athens. 1207 The Heraklids attack the Peloponnese. 1206 Theseus is killed. 1203 Hyllus the son of Herakles is slain at the Isthmus of Corinth while fighting in single combat against Echemus (Cyclopean defensive wall built at Isthmus of Corinth c.1220-1200 BC.) 1203 Helen is abducted by Paris. (Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c.1200-1190 BC. Serious destruction at Mycenae c.1200 BC.) 1201 First Gathering at Aulis 1193 Second Gathering at Aulis. The attempted sacrifice of Iphigenia. (Inscriptions bearing the name Iphimedeia found at Knossos) [7] 1193-1183 The siege of Troy (Troy VIIA destroyed c.1200 BC. According to Manetho the Biblical Exodus takes place in the reign of Seti II 1199-1193 BC) 1183 The capture of Troy Jan 12 1183 The return and murder of Agamemnon (13 Gamelion 1183) (Total solar eclipse over Aegean/Anatolia) 1183-1173 (A massive tidal wave swamps the Aegean and reaches Cyprus in c.1200 BC) 1183 Agapenor becomes king of Paphos in Cyprus 1180 Teucer founds Salamis in Cyprus 1179 Odysseus held captive by Calypso April 16 1178 The suitors vie for Penelope (Total solar eclipse over Aegean) 1175 Menelaus flees Egypt (Ramses III expels Sea-Peoples from Egypt in 1175 BC. Among those named are the Peleset, Tjeker and Denyen, ie. the Pelasgians, Teukrians and Danaians who are said to be based in Cyprus) 1175 The vengeance of Orestes against Clytemnestra and Aegistheus 1175-1174 Orestes is pursued by the Erinnyes 1173 Odysseus returns to Ithaca. Hermes fathers Pan by Penelope 1173 Orestes kills Aletes son of Aegistheus grandson of Thyestes after he usurps the throne when Orestes ends his search for Iphigenia 1160 Odysseus is accidentally killed by his son Telegonus 1158 Orestes is told by the Delphic Oracle to move from Mycenae to Arkadia and is killed by a snake bite while founding new cities. 1153 Autesion expelled from Thebes after he defects to the Heraklids. 1153 The Herakilds resume their attacks on Mycenae fifty years on. (Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1150 BC) 1153 The Pelasgians and Thracians capture Thebes 1150 Demophon dies in Cyprus 1130 The Cadmians return to Thebes and expel the Pelasgians who then flee to Athens. 1130 Penthilus the son of Orestes seizes Lesbos 1129 Xanthus the last king of Thebes is killed in a duel with Andropompus or Melanthus who becomes king of Athens. May 18 1124 Tisamenus the son of Orestes rules over Mycenae (Total solar eclipse over Aegean) [8] 1113 The first Dorian fleet is sunk at Naupactus 1103 The Heraklids defeat Tsiamneus the son of Orestes and conquer the Peloponnese. (Indications of invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c.1100 BC. Attack on Asia Minor by Tiglath-Pileser I king of Assyria in 1110 BC.) Hesiod's fifth age: The Iron or Archaic Age (after 1103BC) References Footnotes
Other sources
Links Chronology of Greek Mythology compiled by Argyros George Argyrou Genealogy of Greek Mythology compiled by Carlos Parada Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org"
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