Pausanias, Phocis

CHAPTER IX.

On the basement under this horse is an inscription, which states that the following statues were dedicated from the tenth of the spoils of Marathon. These statues are Athene and Apollo, and of the commanders Miltiades, and of those called heroes Erechtheus and Cecrops and Pandion, and Leos, and Antiochus the son of Hercules by Meda the daughter of Phylas, and Aegeus, and of the sons of Thesseus Acamas. These, in accordance with an oracle from Delphi, gave names to the Athenian tribes. Here too are Codrus the son of Melanthus, and Theseus, and Phyleus, who are no longer ranked among- the Eponymi. All these that I have mentioned are by Phidias, and these too are really the tenth of the spoils of Marathon. But the statues of Antigonus, and his son Demetrius, and the Egyptian. Ptolemy, were sent to Delphi later, Ptolemy through good will, but the Macedonians through fear. And near this horse are other votive offerings of the Argives, statues of those associated with Polynices in the expedition against Thebes, as Adrastus the son of Talaus, and Tydeus the son of (Eneus, and the descendants of Prcetus, (Capaneus the son of Hipponous, and Eteoclus the son of Iphis), and Polynices, and Hippomedon (Adrastus' sister's son), and near them the chariot of Amphiaraus and in it Baton, tlie charioteer and also kinsman of Amphiaraus, and lastly Alitherses. These are by Hypatodorus and Aristogiton, and were made, so the Argives themselves say, ont of the spoils of the victory which they and their Athenian allies obtained at Oenoe in Argolis. It was after the same action, I think, that the Argives erected the statues of the Epigoni. They are here at any rate, as Sthenelus and Alcmaeon, who was, I take it, honoured above Amphilochus in consequence of his age, and Promachus, and Thersander, and Aegialeus, and Diomede, and between the two last Euryalus. And opposite these are some other statues, dedicated by the Argives who assisted Epaminondas and the Thebans in restoring the Messenians. There are also effigies of heroes, as Danaus the most powerful king at Argos, and Hypermnestra the only one of her sisters with hands unstained by murder, and near her Lynceus, and all those that trace their descent from Hercules, or go back even farther to Perseus.

There are also the horses of the Tarentines in brass, and captive women of the Messapians (barbarians near Tarentnm), by Ageladas the Argive. The Lacedaemonians colonized Tarentum under the Spartan Phalanthus, who, when he started on this colony, was told by an oracle from Delphi that he was to acquire land and found a city where he saw rain from a clear sky. At first he paid no great heed to this oracle, and sailed to Italy without consulting any interpreters, but when, after notaries over the barbarians, he was unable to capture any of their cities, or get possession of any of their land, he recollected the oracle, and tli ought the god had prophesied impossibilities : for it could not rain he thought from a clear and bright sky. And his wife, who had accompanied him from home, endeavoured to comfort him in various ways, as he was in rather a despondent condition, and laid his nead on her knees, and began to pick out the lice, and in her goodwill it so fell out that she wept when she thought how her husband's affairs made no good progress. And she shed tears freely on Phalanthus* head, and then he understood the oracle, for his wife's Name was Aethra (clear sky), and so on the following night he took from the barbarians Tarentnm, the greatest and most prosperous Nymph, and both the city and river got their name from him.