Seal of Thessaloniki
The brothers Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius from Thessaloniki
|
|
Periphery: Central Macedonia
Thessaloniki Google Earth Thessaloniki , Panoramic view of the city of Thessaloniki from the place Kranos of the Kedrinos Hill (Seich Sou) [Source]
Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal, the largest city and the capital of the Thessaloniki Prefecture [2] and the capital of the EU region (or, synonymously, Greek periphery) of Central Macedonia. The city is also known variously as Selânik, Salonika or Salonica (Σαλονίκη, Солун, Solun, סלוניקה). It has a population of around 1,000,000, and lies in a bay of the Thermaic Gulf at the head of the Khalkidhikí peninsula. Its coordinates are 40°38′ N 22°58′ E (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=40_38_N_22_58_E_). Ancient times The city was founded around 315 BC by Cassander, the King of Macedon, on or near the site of the ancient town of Therma and several other local villages. He named it after his wife Thessalonica, who was also the sister of Alexander the Great. She gained her name from her father, Philip II of Macedon, to commemorate her birth on the day of his gaining a victory (nike) over the Thessalians. After the fall of the kingdom of Macedon in 146 BC, Thessaloníki became part of the Roman Empire. It became an important trading centre on the Via Egnatia, a Roman road that connected Byzantium (later Constantinople, now Istanbul) with Dyrrhachium (now Durrës in Albania). The city was made the capital of one of the four Roman districts of Macedonia, and was ruled by a praetor. It had a sizeable Jewish colony and was an early centre of Christianity. On his second missionary journey, St Paul preached in the city's synagogue, the chief synagogue of the Jews in that part of Macedonia, and laid the foundations of a church. Opposition against him from the Jews drove him from the city, and he fled to Veria. Thessaloníki acquired a patron saint, St. Demetrius, in 306 AD. He was the Roman proconsul of Greece under the anti-Christian emperor Maximian and was martyred at Sirmium in modern Serbia. His relics are still housed and venerated in Thessaloníki.
When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western segments ruled from Byzantium/Constantinople and Rome respectively, Thessaloníki came under the control of the eastern (later Byzantine) empire. Its importance was second only to Constantinople itself. After a revolt against the emperor Theodosius I in 390 against his new policies condemning homosexuality formed by Christianity, 7,000 - 15,000 of the citizens were massacred in the city's hippodrome in revenge - an act which earned Theodosius a temporary excommunication. Middle Ages Repeated barbarian invasions after the fall of the Roman Empire left Macedonia depopulated, and Thessaloníki itself came under attack from Slavs in the 7th century. They failed to capture the city but a sizeable Slavic community nonetheless established itself there. Saint Cyril and his brother Saint Methodius were born in Thessaloníki and the Byzantine Emperor Michael III, saying that "the inhabitants of Thessaloníki speak Slavonic quite well", encouraged them to visit the northern Slavic regions as missionaries; their adopted South Slavonic speech became the basis for the Old Church Slavonic language. In the 9th century, the Byzantines decided to move the market for Bulgarian goods from Constantinople to Thessaloníki. Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria invaded Thrace, defeated a Byzantine army and forced the empire to move the market back to Constantinople. The city was occupied by the Saracens in 904 and by the Norman rulers of Sicily in 1185, with considerable destruction and loss of life on both occasions. It finally passed out of Byzantine hands for good in 1204, when Constantinople was captured by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Thessaloníki and its surrounding territory — the Kingdom of Thessalonica — became the largest fief of the Latin Empire, covering most of north and central Greece. It was given by the emperor Baldwin I to his rival Boniface of Montferrat but in 1224 it was seized by Michael Ducas, the Greek Despot of Epirus. The city was recovered by the Byzantine Empire in 1246, but, unable to hold it against the encroachments of the Ottoman Empire, the Byzantine Despot Andronikos Palaeologus was forced to sell it to Venice, who held it until it was captured by the Ottoman ruler Murad II in 1430. The Siege of Thessaloniki in 904, from the letter of John Kaminiates Thessaloníki, renamed Selânik, remained in Ottoman hands until 1912 and became one of the most important cities in the Empire, with a large port being built in 1901. The founder of modern Turkey, Kemal Atatürk, was born there in 1881, and the Young Turk movement was headquartered there in the early 20th century. The city was extremely multicultural; of its 130,000 inhabitants at the start of the century, around 60,000 were Sephardic Jews, whose ancestors had been expelled from Spain and Portugal after 1492. Some Romaniotes Jews were also present. The city's language of daily life was Ladino, a Jewish language derived from Spanish. (See Expulsion from Spain). The city's day off was Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. Turks, Greeks, Bulgarians and Albanians made up the bulk of the remainder of the population. Modern times
26.10.1912 Liberation of Thessaloniki Thessaloníki was the main prize of the First Balkan War of 1912, in which it was successfully captured by Greece. In 1915, during World War I, a large Allied expeditionary force landed at Thessaloníki to use the city as the base for an offensive against pro-German Bulgaria. A pro-Allied temporary government headed by Eleftherios Venizelos was established there, against the will of the pro-neutral German King of Greece. The majority of the town was largely destroyed by a single fire in 1917 of unknown origin, probably an accident. Venizelos forbade the reconstruction of the town center until a full modern city plan was prepared. This was accomplished a few years later by the French architect and archeologist Ernest Hebrard. The Hebrard plan swept away the Oriental features of Thessaloníki and transformed it to a European style city. One consequence of the fire saw close to half the city's Jewish population, their homes and livelihoods destroyed, emigrate. Many went to Palestine. Some stepped onto the Orient Express to Paris. Still others found their way to America. Their numbers were quickly replaced by refugees from another disaster a few years after the war, when huge numbers of ethnic Greeks were expelled from Turkey in 1922 following the Greco-Turkish War. The city expanded enormously as a result. It was nicknamed "The Refugee Capital" (I Protévoussa ton Prosfígon) and "Mother of the Poor" (Ftohomána), and even today the city's inhabitants and culture are distinctively Anatolian in character. Die Deutsche Wochenschau No. 556. April 30, 1941, German News Thessaloníki fell to the forces of Nazi Germany in 1941 and remained under German occupation until 1944. The city suffered considerable damage from Allied bombing, and almost the entire Jewish population was exterminated by the Nazis. Barely a thousand Jews survived. However, Thessaloníki was rebuilt fairly quickly after the war. In 1978, it was badly damaged by an earthquake. Thessaloniki became the Cultural capital of Europe for 1997.
Thessaloniki Landmarks with the OTE Tower in the center The city has two universities — the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the largest university in Greece (founded 1926) and the University of Macedonia. In 2004, the city hosted some of the football events of the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Thessaloniki, Sculpture of Alexander the Great (Source) Climate The city experiences the Mediterranean climate. North of Thessaloniki experiences the Balkan climate which winters are common.
Landmarks
The White Tower of Thessaloniki (Lefkos Pyrgos), widely regarded as the symbol of the city. The extensive Byzantine walls of the Upper City (Ano Poli) and kastro. The Church of St. Demetrius and the extensive town walls of the Upper City (Ano Poli). Panagia ton Chalkeon, founded 1028 in Thessaloniki The Kyvernion (little Palace); former residence of the King and Queen of Greece; in the Karabournaki area, in Eastern Thessaloniki The modern Concert Hall of Thessaloniki in the East side of the city, near the Posidonion sports center. Thessaloniki Intemational Trade Fair held every September, organised by Helexpo. Museums
Archaeological sites
Economy Thessaloníki is a major port city [3] and an industrial and commercial center. The city's industries produce refined oil, steel, petrochemicals, textiles, machinery, flour, cement, pharmaceuticals, and liquor. The city is also a major transportation hub for the whole of southeastern Europe, carrying trade to and from the newly capitalist countries of the region. Festivals Thessaloniki International Fair The Thessaloniki International Fair has a long history that dates back to 1926. It is hosted every September for 10 days at the 180,000m2 Thessaloniki International Exhibition Centre, in the heart of the city. It's organised by HELEXPO, which also organises themed exhibitions and congresses throughout the year. The International Trade Fair is a very prestigious event, it is inaugurated by the Prime Minister and attended by more than 300,000 visitors every year. Video Dance Festival The Video Dance Festival started in 2000 at Thessaloniki as an international dance film festival, but soon it widened up to include more kinds of experiment on movement and the moving image. Thessaloniki International Film Festival The International Thessaloniki Film Festival has become the Balkans' primary showcase for the work of new and emerging filmmakers, as well as the leading film festival in the region. The event features the International Section, the panorama of Greek films, the New Horizons program, the Balkan Survey, and numerous retrospectives and tributes to leading figures in the world of film. Dimitria The 3 month long festival of cultural events is held every September-December since 1966. It's named after Aghios Dimitrios (St. Demetrius), that patron Saint of the city, and it has become an institution for the city and very popular with the local population. It includes musical, theatrical, dance events, street happenings and exhibitions. It is organised and overlooked by the Municipality of Thessaloniki [4] and last year it celebrated 40 years of history [5]. DMC DJ Championship DMC’s World DJ Championships, sponsored internationally by Technics and Ortofon, has grown through the years and the formats of the competitions have developed along with the demands. Originally meant to be a DJ mixing battle, DJ Cheese in 1986, introduced scratching in his routine, changing the course of the DMC battles forever. Since that time, the prestigious Technics / DMC World Champion title has been the most sought after by aspiring DJs / turntablists worldwide! he only equipment permitted in the Technics DJ Championships is Technics SL1200 turntables and are Technics EX-DJ1200 mixer. No other equipment is allowed. The DJs are allowed a period of exactly six (6) minutes to impress the judges. The same rules are applied to all competitions around the world. The Greek DMC DJ Championship is hosted in Thessaloniki in the International Trade Fair Of Thessaloniki More Images by Ian Kehoe Click to enlarge
Aristotelous Square in Thessaloniki Famous Persons from Thessaloniki
Historical mayors
Buildings Thessaloniki, Karipio Melathro Google Earth 360 Panorama Views:
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org"
 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
