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(In Preparation)
In his Deipnosophistae Athenaeus describes the giant ship Syracusia, war machines of Archimedes, the pump of Archimedes Athenaeus Deipnosophistae 206d - 209 e, C Gulick , Loeb , Vol II, 432-446 Amianus Marcellinus Greek historian from Antiocheia, fl. 350-400 AD, Histories, written in Latin. According to Marcellinus Archimedes estimated the length of a year. Ammianus Marcellinus, Historiae, XXVI, 1, 8, J.C. Rolfe (Loeb) 1856 Vol II, p. 570 Ammonius With Isidorus of Miletus an architect of Hagia Sophia writes that it is possible to burn ships with mirrors at a distance larger than the arrow range Ant. Westermann Brunsvigae 1839, p. 152, 153, 156 Apulius Ausonius Decimus Magnus Ausonius, Poet, 310-394 AD. Writes about the Stomachion Ausonius Opuscula XVII Cento Nuptialis, H. White, Loeb, 1961, p. 374 Claudius Claudianus The Roman poet of the 4th AD century writes about the planetarium of Archimedes which is made of glass and thus breaks easy. Claudius Claudianus, Carminum minorum Corpusc LI (LXVIII) M. Platnauer , Loeb, 1963 Vol. II p. 278 Victorinus Marius Velmmydes Nikiforos
Julius Firmicus Maternus In Mathesis he writes about the Planetarium of Archimedes and the use of his devices against the Romans during the Siege of Syracuse Julius Firmicus, Mathesis VI , W. Kroll, F. Skutsch, K. Ziegler, Lipsiae 1913, p. 148 Galen Galen the physician mentions in Peri Kraseon, "De temperamentis" the burning of ships by mirrors of Archimedes (Med. Graec. Opera, C. Kuhn, Lipsiae) Diophant Dio Cassius Dio Cassius Historia Romana XV, E Caey (Loeb), describes the siege of Syracuse and the war machines of Archimedes , the burning of the Roman ships and the death of Archimedes. From the 80 books 25 survived (36-60) others are indirect partially known for example from Xiphilinus and Zonaras Eustathius Eutocius of Ascalon Ioannes Zonaras Theon of Alexandria Theon of Smyrna Description of the approximation of the number PI and the cylinder and inscribed sphere volume relation. Theon Smyrnaeus, Exp. Rer. Mathem. E. Hiller, Lipsiae Caesius Bassus The Stomachion was mentioned by Caesius Bassus, a Roman poet, in his work "De metris". The combinatorial Game was played by children as it was supporting their memory. (H. Keil, Grammatici Latini, Volume VI Hildesheim 1961) Hippolytus He is considered to have translated the work Peri sfairas kai kylindrou, a, b (sphere and cylinder), Kyklou metrisis , Problima voeikon (cattle problem), Stomachion, Peri ton mihanikon theorimaton pros Eratostheni efodis (Method) from Doric into the Attic dialect. Cicero Lactantius Describes the Planetarium of Archimedes, Divinarum Instituitionum , Samuel Brandt, Prapae-Vindobonae-Lipsiae, 1890 Livius Titus Lucian Lucian, in Ippias i Balaneion (Hippias seu Balneum) mentions the burning of the Roman ships by the technique of Archimedes. A. M. Harmon , Loeb , 1953 Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius Writes that Archimedes estimated the distances to the stars in Commentarionum in Somnium Scipionis L. Janus, Quedlingurgi - Lipsiae 1848, Book I Ch. XIX p. 102 and Book II, Ch. III, p. 147 Martianus Capella In De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii he writes about Plato and Archimedes moving golden spheres (Planetaria). The planetaria are mentioned also in De Geometria. In De Astronomia he writes that Archimedes estimated the perimeter of the Earth as 406000 stadia De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii, II p. 212 Theodoros Metochites A byzantinian politician (Megas Logothetis), monk, author, mentions the work of Plutarch the life of Marcellus. He praises Archimedes genius especially for the use of ballistic machines during the siege of Syracuse. Theodoros Metochites, Miscellanea philosophica et historica Olympiodorus Orivasius (or Oribasius) The Greek physician describes the "Trispaston" invented by Archimedes and Apellides used for transport of ships. The device was modified by physicians and as a smaller version was used for medical purposes Oribasius, Collection medicale, Bussemaker et C. Daremberg, Paris 1862, Vol IV p. 307 Describes in his mathematical work except mathematical discoveries of Archimedes the lever, planetarium and the hydraulic clock of Archimedes Georgios Pachymeres refers to the calculation of the height of a pyramid by Archimedes, his estimation of PI Petrarch Petrarca in De remediis utriusque fortunae refers to the steam gun of Archimedes (called Architronito by Da Vinci) Plutarch provides information about Archimedes in his Vitae Parallelae, Marcellus . Plutarch descibes the relation of Archimedes with the tyrant of Syracuse, versions of the death of Archimedes his war machines and discoveries. Proclus Ptolemy Ptolemy describes that Archimedes used the approximation PI = 0.5* (3 1/7 + 3 10/71 ) Remmius Palemon Sextus Empiricus Writes about the planetarium. Sextus Empiricus, Adversus Mathematicus, IX 155 , H. Mutschmann, Lipsiae, 1924 Vol. 2, p. 240 Silius Italicus Describes the efforts of the Romans to conquer Syracuse and the use of war machines by Archimedes in his work Punica XIV. Mentions the iron hand of Archimedes, the sand reckoner, the use of lever and the death of Archimedes Simplicius Suida Synesius of Cyrene Student of Hypatia, writes that Archimedes was looking for a place outside the Earth to stand in order to move the planet. Synesius, Peri enypniou logos, Patrologia Graeca, Migne, Vol 66 Tertullianus Tertullianus in De anima describes the hydraulis musical instrument which was invented by Ctesibius but improved by Archimedes. He also writes about the Planetarium and the mirrors of Archimedes Tertuliallianus De anima. C. XIV, Patrologia Latina Migne Gaius Favius Marius Victorinus Roman author, in Art. Gramm. writes that there are so many meter types in poetry like stomachion figures Grammatici, Latini, Vol. VII, H. Keil, Hildesheim 1961 Tzetzes Lucius Apuleius The Roman philosopher and rhetorician mentioned in De magia (Apologia) , Chapter 16, a book written by Archimedes about optics which considers mirrors Philon of Alexandria Philon of Byzantium Contantine Psellus (or Psellos) (Michael his name as a monk) writes about the burning of the ships with mirrors and the pump of Archimedes Michael Psellos, Scripta minora I, E Kurtz-F. Drexl, Milan 1936 p. 26 I G Bachmakova E J Dijksterhuis E. J. Dijksterhuis (1892-1965) history of science professor from Holland (Utrecht) , englisch text of his Archimedes research by Dikshoorn , Archimedes after Dijksterhuis: A guide to recent studies. Princeton University Press J L Heiberg P. Ver Errcke Valerius Maximus Roman historian, first century AD, describes the defense of the Syracuseans with the war machines of Archimedes and his death
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