Pericles

Pericles indeed, by his rank, ability, and known integrity, was enabled to exercise an independent control over the multitude—in short, to lead them instead of being led by them; for as he never sought power by improper means, he was never compelled to flatter them, but, on the contrary, enjoyed so high an estimation that he could afford to anger them by contradiction. Whenever he saw them unseasonably and insolently elated, he would with a word reduce them to alarm; on the other hand, if they fell victims to a panic, he could at once restore them to confidence. In short, what was nominally a democracy became in his hands government by the first citizen.

  • ^ a b c Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plato, Alciviades I,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles, and Plato, Phaedrus,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles, , but also Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Aristotle, Constitution of Athens,
  • ^ Plutarch, Cimon,
  • ^ a b c Fornara-Samons, Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles,
  • ^ a b c Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Cimon,
  • ^ Fornara-Samons, Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles,
  • ^ Fornara-Samons, Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles,
  • ^ R. Martin,
  • ^ a b K. Paparrigopoulos, History of the Greek nation, Volume Ab, 145
  • ^ Aristotle, Constitution of Athens, and Politics,
  • ^ Thucydides, I,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ a b c T. Buckley, Aspects of Greek History 750-323 BC, 206
  • ^ Thucydides, I, and Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ a b c d e The Helios
  • ^ Thucydides, II, and Aristophanes, The Acharnians,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ S. Hornblower, The Greek World 479-323 BC, 120
  • ^ J. M. Hurwit, The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles, 87 etc.
  • ^ A. Vlachos, Thucydides' Bias, 62-63
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles, and Plato, Gorgias,
  • ^ a b Fornara-Samons, Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles,
  • ^ a b c Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Thucydides, I,
  • ^ G. Cawkwell, Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War, 33
  • ^ T. Buckley, Aspects of Greek History 750-323 BC, 322
  • ^ Thucydides, I,
  • ^ Thucydides, I,
  • ^ A. Vlachos, Thucydides' Bias, 20
  • ^ Thucydides, II,
  • ^ Thucydides, II, and Xenophon(?),Constitution of Athens,
  • ^ Thucydides, II,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Thucydides, II, and
  • ^ a b Thucydides, II,
  • ^ a b Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ a b c d Thucydides, II,
  • ^ K. Paparrigopoulos, Aa, 221
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Sarah Ruden, Lysistrata , 80
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Harvey Yunis, Taming Democracy, 142
  • ^ Plato, Gorgias,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Thucydides, I , II, and
  • ^ Donald Kagan,
  • ^ Diodorus, XII,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles, and Sir Richard C. Jebb,
  • ^ Aristophanes, The Acharnians, , Plutarch, Pericles, , and Diodorus Siculus, XII, .
  • ^ Quintilian, Institutiones,
  • ^ a b Sir Richard C. Jebb,
  • ^ a b c K. Paparrigopoulos, Aa, 241-242
  • ^ Aristotle, Constitution of Athens,
  • ^ Plutarch, Pericles,
  • ^ Thucydides, I,
  • ^ A.W. Gomme, An Historical Commentary on Thucydides, I, 452
  • ^ A. Vlachos, Comments on Thucydides, 141
  • ^ A. Vlachos, Thucydides' bias, 60 etc
  • ^ St. Croix, The Character of the Athenian Empire, 1-41
  • ^ Fornara-Samons, Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles,
  • ^ A.W. Gomme, An Historical Commentary on Thucydides, II, 145-162
  • ^ A. Vlachos, Remarks on Thucydides, 177
  • ^ A. Vlachos, Thucydides' bias, 62
  • ^ a b A. Vlachos, Remarks on Thucydides, 170
  • ^ J.F. Dobson,
  • ^ I. Kakridis, Interpretative comments on the Funeral Oration, 6
  • ^ Suda, article Pericles
  • ^ Cicero, De Oratote,
  • ^ Quintilian, Institutiones, III, .
  • .
  • Aristotle, .
  • Cicero, De Oratore. See original text in .
  • Diodorus Siculus, Library, 12th Book. See original text in .
  • .
  • Plato, Alciviades I. See original text in .
  • Plato, Gorgias. See original text in .
  • Plato, Phaedrus, See original text in
  • Plutarch, Cimon. See original text in .
  • Plutarch, Pericles. See original text in .
  • Quintilian, Institutiones. See original text in .
  • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, II “ III, translated in Modern Greek by .
  • Secondary sources

    • Hamish Aird (2004). Pericles: The Rise and Fall of Athenian Democracy. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 082393828X.
    • Terry Buckley (1996). Aspects of Greek History 750-323 BC. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0415099579.
    • George Cawkwell (1997). Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0415165520.
    • Encyclopedia Britannica (2002). article: Pericles.
    • Encyclopaedic Dictionary The Helios. Volume VIII. article: The Funeral Speech over the Fallen. Volume XV. article: Pericles (in Greek).
    • Charles W. Fornara, Loren J. Samons II (1991). Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • A. W. Gomme (A. Andrewes and K. J. Dover). An Historical Commentary on Thucydides (I-V). Oxford University Press. ISBN 019814198X.
    • Simon Hornblower (2002). The Greek World. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0415153441.
    • Jeffrey M. Hurwit (2004). The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521820405.
    • Ioannis Th. Kakridis(1993). Interpretative Comments on the Pericles' Funeral Oration. Estia (in Greek).
    • Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos (-Pavlos Karolidis)(1925), History of the Hellenic Nation (Volume Ab). Eleftheroudakis (in Greek).
    • Sarah Ruden (2003). Lysistrata. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 0872206033.
    • GEM de Ste Croix (1955-1956). The Character of the Athenian Empire. Historia III.
    • Angelos Vlachos(1992). Remarks on Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War . Volume I. Estia (in Greek).
    • Angelos Vlachos(1974). Thucydides' bias. Estia (in Greek).
    • Harvey Yunis (1996). Taming Democracy. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801483581.

    Further reading

    Links

    When the orators, who sided with Thucydides and his party, were at one time crying out, as their custom was, against Pericles, as one who squandered away the public money, and made havoc of the state revenues, he rose in the open assembly and put the question to the people, whether they thought that he had laid out much; and they saying, "Too much, a great deal," Then," said he, "since it is so, let the cost not go to your account, but to mine; and let the inscription upon the buildings stand in my name." When they heard him say thus, whether it were out of a surprise to see the greatness of his spirit or out of emulation of the glory of the works, they cried aloud, bidding him to spend on, and lay out what he thought fit from the public purse, and to spare no cost, till all were finished. Plutarch, Pericles

    Pericles and Aspasia in the studio of Pheidias, painting of Hector Leroux (1682 - 1740)

    The Age of Pericles

    Pericles from Amazon

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